Medical AIChronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease quietly reshapes prescribing, from contrast to metformin to dose-adjusted antibiotics. Accurate GFR estimation is the anchor, and the 2021 race-free equation changed the numbers many clinicians grew up with. This hub pairs the estimator with the co-prescribing answers it informs.
Calculators in this area
The Cockcroft-Gault equation estimates creatinine clearance in mL/min from age, body weight, sex, and serum creatinine. It predates BSA-indexed eGFR equations and is not adjusted to 1.73m2, but it remains the estimate referenced in many drug labels, so it is still used for renal dose adjustment.
Estimated average glucose (eAG) converts an HbA1c percentage into the average glucose it corresponds to, expressed in the same units patients see on a meter (mg/dL or mmol/L). It comes from the ADAG study regression. eAG is a population-level estimate of average glucose over the preceding 2 to 3 months, not a substitute for actual glucose monitoring, and it should not be confused with the CGM-derived glucose management indicator (GMI).
The 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine equation estimates glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, age, and sex, dropping the race coefficient used in earlier versions. The result is reported per 1.73m2 of body surface area and maps onto the KDIGO GFR categories used to stage chronic kidney disease.
FENa is the percentage of filtered sodium that ends up in the urine. In oliguric acute kidney injury a value below 1% points to prerenal azotemia (kidneys avidly reabsorbing sodium in response to hypoperfusion), while a value above 2% suggests intrinsic tubular injury such as acute tubular necrosis. It was derived in selected oliguric patients and is unreliable in several common situations, most notably diuretic use.
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